Michael Frank from Brown University, performed a series of experiments to assess dopamine’s role in motivation. Researchers suspected that dopamine might play a role in influencing how the brain evaluates whether a mental task is worth the effort. Previous studies have shown that increases in dopamine in the striatum can motivate people and rodents to perform harder physical tasks. This increases the amount of dopamine in the brain’s striatum, an area involved in motor function and reward. Methylphenidate works in part by blocking the reabsorption of the neurotransmitter dopamine-a chemical messenger involved in reward-seeking, movement, and motivation-by the brain’s neurons. It’s unclear exactly how methylphenidate and similar drugs work as a study aid to improve mental performance. These stimulants are also used by students without ADHD who hope to enhance their focus while studying. Medications ike methylphenidate (sold under the Ritalin and other brand names) are prescribed to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD). Some students without ADHD take medications like methylphenidate in the hope of enhancing their focus while studying.
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